In the results section, what must be presented in order to summarize data?

A clearly labelled table summarizing data is essential in the results section because it provides a structured and organized way of presenting complex information. Tables allow readers to quickly and easily interpret the outcomes of a study, highlighting key findings without overwhelming them with textual descriptions.

By summarizing data in a table, researchers can condense large amounts of data into a format that clearly displays relationships, trends, or differences in a way that is visually accessible. This is particularly important in empirical research, where factual data needs to be communicated efficiently to support conclusions drawn from the study. Well-organized tables enhance clarity and can make it easier to identify significant results or patterns that may warrant further analysis or discussion.

In contrast, presenting hypothesis testing procedures is primarily focused on the methodologies used to analyze the data rather than summarizing the data itself. Participant demographics provide essential context for a study but do not serve the purpose of summarizing the actual findings. Unprocessed raw data may be too complex and unwieldy for readers to draw meaningful interpretations, making it less effective in summarizing results. Thus, a clearly labelled table best fulfills the need for summarization in the results section.