What does 'generalization' refer to in research?

Generalization in research refers to the process of applying the findings derived from a sample to a broader population. This practice is essential for establishing the external validity of a study, allowing researchers to make predictions and draw conclusions that extend beyond the specific individuals or conditions they observed.

For instance, if a research study is conducted on a small group of individuals, the goal is often to glean insights that reflect the characteristics or behaviors of a larger group. This allows researchers to suggest that their findings could be applicable to similar populations, which can be especially crucial in fields like psychology where understanding broader human behavior is vital.

In contrast, while making inferences based on qualitative data or creating hypotheses from prior research are important components of the research process, they do not specifically define generalization. Random sampling methods are techniques used to acquire a representative sample but do not fully capture the essence of what generalization entails. Generalization is ultimately about the application of the study results, which is why the application of findings from a sample to the wider population is the correct understanding of the term.