What is the purpose of using statistical testing in research?

Statistical testing plays a crucial role in research by determining if the differences observed between groups or variables are statistically significant or if they could have occurred by chance. When researchers collect data, they often compare groups to see if there are meaningful effects or relationships. Statistical tests allow researchers to assess the likelihood that the observed differences are real and not just random fluctuations that could occur in a sample.

By establishing whether the differences are statistically significant, researchers can draw more reliable conclusions regarding the hypotheses being tested. This is essential in ensuring that findings can be generalized beyond the specific sample studied and contribute to the broader understanding of the research question.

In contrast, summarizing qualitative data involves organizing and interpreting non-numerical information, which does not directly relate to statistical testing. Recording individual participant responses pertains to the data collection phase of research. Enhancing theoretical frameworks is more about the conceptual development of ideas rather than providing empirical validation through statistical analysis. Therefore, the primary purpose of statistical testing is to help ascertain whether the observed results are likely due to real effects or simply a result of chance.