What type of data is derived from self-reports and case studies?

Self-reports and case studies are primarily associated with qualitative data. Qualitative data is characterized by non-numerical information that is often rich in context and detail, allowing researchers to explore participants' experiences, thoughts, and feelings in depth. This type of data is typically collected through interviews, open-ended survey questions, and detailed observations, providing insights into complex psychological phenomena that cannot be captured through numerical data alone.

Self-reports, such as surveys and questionnaires where individuals describe their thoughts and feelings, rely heavily on qualitative approaches to understand subjective experiences. Case studies provide in-depth analyses of particular individuals or groups, often incorporating various forms of data and narrative accounts that illustrate the nuances of human behavior and psychological processes.

In contrast to qualitative data, quantitative data focuses on numerical measurements and statistical analysis, aiming to quantify variables and identify patterns. Experimental data involves structured experiments designed to test hypotheses through manipulation of independent variables, while statistical data refers to data that has been organized or summarized for the purpose of analysis, typically related to quantitative measures. Thus, the nature and context of self-reports and case studies align closely with the qualitative approach, making this answer the most appropriate one.