Why is the reliability of case studies often considered low?

The reliability of case studies is often considered low because they involve significant interpretation and individual involvement. In a case study, researchers typically focus on a single individual or a small group, gathering detailed qualitative information about their experiences, behaviors, and environments. This rich, narrative-driven approach can lead to subjective interpretations, as researchers may bring their biases and perspectives into the analysis.

Moreover, the unique circumstances surrounding each case may not be easily replicable or generalizable to a larger population, which further affects reliability. The findings from one case study may not consistently predict outcomes in another similar case due to these individual differences. Hence, while case studies can provide in-depth insights and context, the variability introduced by personal interpretation and specific contexts undermines their reliability when aiming to draw broader conclusions.

The other options do not accurately reflect the characteristics of case studies as they pertain to reliability. For instance, while case studies do rely on qualitative data, this alone does not determine their reliability. Additionally, they do not follow strict experimental protocols, which are more characteristic of quantitative methodologies. Lastly, case studies do not require high levels of statistical analysis; in fact, they often do not use statistical methods at all, focusing instead on detailed qualitative assessment.